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Proteins' absence causes diabetes, rheumatoid
arthritis
Monday September 10, 2012 01:55:05 PM,
IANS
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Sydney: The absence of
related protein molecules, Puma and Bin, prompts immune cells to
turn against human organs they are meant to protect and cause
type-1 diabets and rehumatoid arthiritis, known as autoimmune
diseases.
Daniel Gray and colleagues from the Walter and Eliza Hall
Institute's Molecular Genetics of Cancer division and the
University of Ballarat, have discovered that these pair of protein
molecules work together to kill so-called 'self-reactive' immune
cells that are programmed to attack the body's own organs.
Autoimmune diseases, such as type-1 diabetes, rheumatoid
arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and multiple sclerosis,
develop when immune cells launch an attack on the body's own
cells, destroying important body organs or structures, the journal
"Immunity" reports.
Puma and Bim are so-called 'BH3-only' proteins that make cells die
by a process called apoptosis or self death. Defects in apoptosis
proteins have been linked to many human diseases, including cancer
and neurodegenerative disorders, according to an Eliza Hall
statement.
Gray said one way the body protects itself against autoimmune
disease is by forcing most self-reactive immune cells to die
during their development. "If any self-reactive cells manage to
reach maturity, the body normally has a second safeguard of
switching these potentially dangerous cells into an inactive
state, preventing them from causing autoimmune disease," he said.
Gray is now collaborating with researchers who have identified
human gene defects linked to the development of autoimmune
conditions.
"We now know that self-reactive cell death is an important
protection against autoimmunity," Gray said. "The next stage of
our work is to discover whether defects in the cell death process
cooperate with other factors to cause human autoimmune disease."
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