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Chicken vaccines mutate into new virus
Monday July 16, 2012 12:27:47 PM,
IANS
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Sydney: Two different
vaccine viruses, used simultaneously to control an acute
respiratory disease occurring in chickens, have combined to
produce new infectious viruses, says new research.
The vaccines were used to control infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT).
ILT can have up to 20 percent mortality rate in some flocks and
has a significant economic impact in the poultry industry.
Researchers from the University of Melbourne found that when two
different ILT vaccine strains were used in the same populations,
they combined into two new strains (a process known as
recombination), resulting in disease outbreaks, the journal
Science reported.
Neither the ILT virus or the new strains can be transmitted to
humans or other animals, and do not pose a food safety risk, said
a university statement.
The study was led by Joanne Devlin, Glenn Browning, professor and
Sang-Won Lee and colleagues at the Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal
Health, University of Melbourne and NICTA's Victoria Research Lab.
Devlin said the combining of live vaccine virus strains outside of
the lab was previously thought to be highly unlikely, but this
study shows that it is possible and has led to disease outbreaks
in poultry flocks.
"We alerted the Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines
Authority (APVMA) to our findings and they are now working closely
with our research team, vaccine registrants and the poultry
industry to determine both short and long term regulatory
actions," she said.
The ILT vaccines are 'live attenuated vaccines', which means that
the virus has some disease-causing factors removed but the immune
system still recognises the virus to defend against a real
infection.
"Live vaccines are used throughout the world to control ILT in
poultry. For over 40 years the vaccines used in Australia were
derived from an Australian virus strain. But following a vaccine
shortage another vaccine originating from Europe was registered in
2006 and rapidly became widely used," Devlin said.
"Shortly after the introduction of the European strain of vaccine,
two new strains of ILT virus were found to be responsible for most
of the outbreaks of disease in New South Wales and Victoria. So we
sought to examine the origin of these two new strains," Devlin
added.
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