Mumbai: With the sighting of the new moon, Muslim across the globe began the new year of the Islamic Calendar. While Saudi Arabia and other Arab states began the new year from Tuesday, the first day of the 1435H year in India and other subcontinent nations will be on Wednesday.
The difference in the regions is because the Islamic calendar runs on lunar system, and the first day of the new month is decided based on sighting of the moon. And, the first day of the new moon in the Gulf States was sighted on Monday, in India and neighbouring countries the new moon of the month of Muharram is sighted today on Tuesday, various hilal committees said in their statements.
"The new moon that appeared over the horizon Tuesday brought along with it the month of Muharram al-Haram - the month of glory and resurgence", says Rehnuma Tabassum, a student into the Islamic studies, adding, "Moharram al-Haram is the first month of the Islamic Calendar."
"With this, the Islamic Calendar, popularly known as the Hijari Calendar has leaped into its 1435th year", she added.
The Islamic Calendar was started 1434 years before by the second Caliph Omar ibn Khattab.
Before that Muslims in their respective provinces, following the Arab tradition of the time, were used to count the days and months – with sighting of the new moon and counting the days thereafter without following any particular calendar or dating system. After the Islamic State spread to beyond Arab land to new areas, the defects in the system began to surface and the need for a better and accurate calendar was felt.
Rehnuma explains, "The Caliph, the Supreme Head of the Islamic State, was used to issue all the Guidelines and Pronouncements to the Governors of various Islamic Provinces from Madinah. Things were actually working fine. But confusion arose when contradictory orders started reaching far away provinces at the same time. Since these orders were not carrying any date, it became very difficult for the Governors to find out which one of the orders was the latest and supposed to be followed with".
To overcome the confusion, Caliph Omar finally decided to introduce the Islamic Calendar and asked the people for their opinions and suggestions on the matter. Consequently, various historical events, including the year when the Prophet was born, the year of the Prophethood, the time of Migration and the time when the Prophet had died, were proposed by the people.
"However unanimity surfaced for the year that coincided with the migration of the Prophet (peace be upon him) from Makkah as the commencing year of the Islamic Calendar. For, it was the migration of Prophet Mohammad (Peace be Upon Him) from Makkah to Madinah that had resulted Islam nurturing into the new heights and spreading to the whole Arab lands, and also to the surrounding States", Rehnuma says quoting from the history.
"Moreover", she says, "Moharram al-Haram was also associated with many historical events and the month has always been considered as one among the four most respected and sacred months since centuries. These features only added strength to the selection of Moharram al-Haram as the first month of the Islamic calendar".
The Islamic Calendar thus introduced and adopted some 1434 hundred years ago, soon became popular, and also became part and partial of the calendars in every Muslim household.
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