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Washington:
The dawn of urban life in the Middle East still remains uncovered in
Syria beneath three large mounds about three miles from the modern
town of Raqqa, say American and Syrian experts.
These mounds, the tallest of which is nearly 50 feet high, cover
about 31 acres and contain the ruins of Tell Zeidan, a proto-urban
community dating 6000-4000 B.C.
During this period much of Mesopotamia shared a common culture,
called Ubaid, which triggered the emergence of the first true city
centres in the Uruk period that dates between 4000 and 3100 B.C.
However, the mounds remains untouched for over 6,000 years in spite
of the site's significance.
This was a blessing for archaeologists.
Since Tell Zeidan was abandoned in 4000 B.C., large areas of this
large Ubaid temple-town can be easily accessed as they are not
buried beneath feet of deposits from later occupation periods.
A Joint Syrian-US excavation co-directed by Muhammad Sarhan from the
Raqqa Museum and Gil Stein from the Oriental Institute of the
University of Chicago, has found significant evidence for monumental
architecture, widespread irrigation agriculture, copper metallurgy
and long distance trade in luxury goods.
"All this flourished long before people domesticated pack animals
for transportation or invented the wheel," Discovery News quoted Gil
Stein, the US co-director of the joint project, as saying.
Stein added: "The Ubaid people used widespread irrigation and
agriculture, had powerful political leaders and experienced the
first social inequality. Communities became divided into wealthy
elites and poorer commoners."
One of the most important discoveries from the area was a large,
stone stamp seal depicting a deer.
The seal is finely carved from a red stone which is not native to
the area, and bears striking resemblance to another seal found at a
site in northern Iraq, some 185 miles to the east of Tell Zeidan.
"The existence of very expertly carved seals with near-identical
motifs at such widely distant sites suggests that in this period,
high-ranking elites were assuming leadership positions across a very
broad region. Those dispersed elites shared a common set of symbols
and perhaps even a common ideology of superior social status," Stein
noted.
Guillermo Algaze, a specialist on the emergence of urban centres in
the Middle East and professor of anthropology at the University of
California, San Diego, said in a statement: "Work at this unique
site has the potential to revolutionize current interpretations of
how civilization in the Near East came about."
(ANI)
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